Nigella sativa is the botanical name of black seed. Black seeds are also called as black cumin, black caraway, kalonji, fennel flower or black onion seeds. The seed comes from a flowering plant (part of the Ranunculacea family) native to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean.

• Black seed oil has been used traditionally for thousands of years-as natural remedy for a wide range of ailments.
• The active chemical constituents in Black seed oil are thymoquinone, p-cymene, carvacrol, α-pinene and thymol etc.
• Most of the pharmacological activities of black seed oil are attributed to the thymoqunine (TQ).

TQ is the main ingredient of the volatile oil and has a plenty of pharmacological benefits such as being hepato-protective, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Black seed oil is rich in anti-oxidants that protect the body from the harms of free-radicals. Free-radicals are highly unstable species that cause

Introduction:

When strolling through the beauty aisle, the allure of rose water might tempt you, especially when faced with an array of bottles promising the essence of rose at a variety of price points. Yet, savvy consumers might wonder why pure rose water or rose hydrosol—a seemingly similar product—can command a higher price. Here’s the blooming truth about the luxurious nature of pure rose water compared to its cheaper counterparts.

The Essence of Pure Rose Water:

Pure rose water, also known as rose hydrosol, is crafted through a meticulous steam distillation process of rose petals. This method isn’t a quick affair; it requires a full day and an abundance of freshly picked, premium rose blossoms. Imagine placing pure water in a distillation apparatus with rose petals resting above. As the water boils, the petals release their essence into the steam, which then condenses back into a liquid brimming with the rich, natural components of roses.

The Reality of Regular Rose Water:

On the